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Thinking that even small negative events are major problems is known as __________.


A) catastrophizing
B) belittling
C) ballooning
D) imploding

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Cynthia lets stressful thoughts run over and over in her mind, dwelling on them, examining them, and concentrating on them. What behavior is Cynthia engaging in?


A) reality monitoring
B) negative reasoning
C) rumination
D) rationalization

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Tamara has a pessimistic explanatory style. How does she interpret negative events?

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People with a pessimistic expl...

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People high in __________ experience more negative emotions, regardless of whether those emotions are inner-directed or outer-directed.


A) neuroticism
B) aggressiveness
C) conscientiousness
D) extraversion

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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People high in power motive usually __________ compared to people low in power motive.


A) suffer from heart disease at higher rates
B) suffer from heart disease at lower rates
C) suffer from heart disease and asthma at higher rates
D) do not suffer from heart disease at higher rates

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Rollo is considered a Type A personality. What are the notable features of his personality profile?

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As a Type A personality, Rollo...

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What relationship exists between journaling and immune system functioning?

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What degree of association between hostility and heart disease would allow researchers to conclude that one definitively causes the other?


A) a correlation of 1.00
B) a correlation of .50
C) a correlation of -.75
D) a correlation of -1.00

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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What does being high in power motive mean?

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Being high in power motive mea...

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Optimists believe that good events are __________.


A) transient
B) stable
C) external
D) specific

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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What does the "T" in "Type T personality" stand for?


A) tenacious
B) thrill-seeking
C) traumatized
D) turbulent

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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What is social inhibition?


A) stifling the urge to pursue social activities
B) the rejection of forming long-term relationships
C) a reluctance to express emotions that risk others' disapproval
D) denying the motivation to make friends and seek new social partners

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Agreeableness shows an inconsistent pattern or predicting health outcomes, but a variable correlated with agreeableness does. What is that variable, and how is it related to health benefits? What are the likely links among these variables?

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Why might Type A personalities have an increased risk of heart attacks?


A) Hostile people have elevated white blood cell counts, which can lead to inflammation of bodily tissue.
B) Hostile people have elevated red blood cell counts, which lead people to exert more energy than they need to.
C) Hostile people tend to be lower in conscientiousness, and so eat poorly and drink too much.
D) Hostile people become ensnared in just-world syndrome, where they get what they deserve.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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A large longitudinal study found that the only Big Five trait not related to self-reported health or living longer was __________.


A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
C) neuroticism
D) openness to experience

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Hostility leads to __________, which in turn damages and inflames arteries, which in turn leads to heart disease.


A) elevated body temperature
B) elevated blood pressure
C) shortness of breath
D) chest pains

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following statements regarding personality and physical health is true?


A) People high in affiliation motive tend to have better immune system function.
B) People high in power motive tend to have better immune system function.
C) People low in affiliation motive tend to live longer lives.
D) People high in extraversion tend to have high blood pressure.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Vernon is visiting the bank to deposit some money. As he completes the deposit slip, the ink in the pen suddenly runs dry. Vernon feels an odd combination of anger, sadness, and worry. "Why has this happened now?! I don't need another setback in my life. I'm not going to be able to complete this transaction! This is yet another failure in a failed life," he thinks to himself. What personality type is Vernon exhibiting?


A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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What is the most likely outcome of being high in agreeableness?


A) having a strong social support system of friends and loved ones
B) maintaining a good diet
C) being less likely to be manipulated and controlled
D) being more likely to develop high blood pressure

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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What are the benefits of optimism?

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Optimism holds benefits for mental healt...

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