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The three factors required for the development of caries are a susceptible tooth,a diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates,and:


A) specific bacteria.
B) any bacteria.
C) fats.
D) acidic food.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following types of caries occurs primary on occlusal surfaces?


A) Smooth surface
B) Pit and fissure
C) Recurrent
D) Root surface

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is an infectious disease in which children live in constant pain from decayed primary teeth and swollen gums?


A) Trench mouth
B) Early childhood caries
C) Rampant caries
D) Gingivitis

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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What is the primary reason why root caries is becoming more prevalent?


A) There is a greater consumption of fermentable carbohydrates.
B) People are keeping their teeth longer.
C) There are better diagnostic methods.
D) Fluoridated water creates more acid oral conditions.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following types of bacteria are associated with a high sugar intake?


A) Porphyromonas gingivalis
B) Bacteroides gingivalis
C) Lactobacilli
D) Streptococcus mutans

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is the most prevalent disease of childhood?


A) Insulin dependent diabetes
B) Early childhood caries
C) Respiratory infection
D) Tonsillitis

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A laser caries detector:


A) works on the principle that a carious tooth will show less fluorescence and a clean, healthy tooth will show more fluorescence.
B) is effective for adult teeth but not for primary teeth.
C) can be used to diagnose interproximal caries.
D) cannot be used to detect caries under an amalgam restoration.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is true of dental caries?


A) It is a communicable bacterial infection.
B) It is a disease that affects older adults, but is rare in children.
C) It has been largely eliminated with the use of fluoride.
D) The emphasis in fighting caries is shifting toward restorations.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is not true regarding the demineralization of the tooth structure?


A) Demineralization is caused by the bacterial acid released after eating a fermentable carbohydrate.
B) Demineralization is increased as fermentable carbohydrates are eaten more frequently.
C) Demineralization is repaired by cooked starch, such as bread, potatoes, rice, and pasta.
D) Demineralization is increased as the teeth are exposed to fermentable carbohydrates more frequently.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which is not true of laser caries detector readings?


A) A false-positive is possible if plaque is present in fissures.
B) Carious tooth structure reveals higher degrees of fluorescence.
C) The laser caries detector is not a stand-alone diagnostic tool.
D) The laser caries detector is useful for locating subgingival caries.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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D

Which of the following is the most common source of transmission of disease-causing mutans streptococci (MS) to infants?


A) Food
B) Clothing
C) Furniture
D) Mothers

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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New restorative materials help reduce recurrent decay by eliminating the tiny space between the tooth and the restorative material.

A) True
B) False

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True

Which of the following is true concerning early childhood caries (ECC) ?


A) It is not dependent on socioeconomic status.
B) It is not associated with any particular ethic group.
C) It is not common among children living in an area lacking water fluoridation.
D) It is a transmissible disease.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The _______ protection of saliva is dependent on calcium,phosphate,and fluoride.


A) physical
B) chemical
C) antibacterial
D) buffering

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Incipient caries is the ______ stage of development of a carious lesion.


A) first
B) second
C) frank
D) overt

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following are examples of caries risk assessment tests?


A) Production of stomach acid and GERD
B) Saliva flow rate and bacterial testing
C) Saliva pH and buffering capacity
D) Maternal DNA

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following types of caries is associated with exposed root surfaces?


A) Incipient lesions
B) Rampant caries
C) Root caries
D) Secondary caries

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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C

Which of the following is one of the causes of rampant caries?


A) Xerostomia
B) Not flossing
C) Open tooth contacts
D) Acid reflux

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which is true regarding caries detection?


A) Research shows that a sharp explorer stick is the most effective technique for diagnosing occlusal decay.
B) Radiographs are effective for diagnosing occlusal and proximal caries.
C) A dark discoloration is always caries.
D) Several types of devices have been developed that can provide a higher level of discrimination than an explorer in the diagnosis of dental caries.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Which is not true of dental plaque?


A) It is a colorless, sticky coating on the teeth.
B) It contains an adhesive substance called the pellicle.
C) It contains food debris and does not contain bacteria.
D) It contains 99% more oral bacteria than the same amount of saliva.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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