Question 1

The most significant test of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 came in which year, when the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)  was called in to investigate the lynching of Michael Donald?

Accepted Answer

A)   1881
B)   1981
C)   2008
D)   2011E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which case was the first of the Marshall Trilogy and was a land ownership dispute between whites, although the U.S. Supreme Court used it to define the relationship of the federal government to the Indian nations?

Accepted Answer

A)   Worcester v. Georgia
B)   Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
C)   South Carolina v. Katzenbach
D)   Johnson v. McIntoshE) All of the above
F) C) and D) D

Question 3

The first enslaved Africans were brought by Dutch traders to Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Discuss how the path taken by Hispanics has differed from other minority groups discussed in the chapter.

Accepted Answer

The path taken by Hispanics has differed...

Question 5

Discuss the impact that Executive Order 9066 had on Japanese Americans in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Executive Order 9066, signed by Presiden...

Question 6

Blacks fared better in the immediate aftermath of the ____________, during the period known as Reconstruction.

Accepted Answer

A)   World War I
B)   Revolutionary War
C)   World War II
D)   Civil WarE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

What was the Indian Removal Act and how did the Cherokee Nation respond? What was the outcome?

Accepted Answer

The Indian Removal Act was a law passed ...

Question 8

Executive Order 9056, issued by President Franklin Roosevelt, authorized the evacuation and relocation of people of Japanese ancestry.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In Korematsu v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that although interment was constitutionally suspect, it was justified during circumstances of wartime "emergency and peril" and that the government's need to protect against espionage outweighed individual rights.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

How did Southern states circumvent the Thirteenth Amendment?

Accepted Answer

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. However, after its ratification, Southern states implemented a series of laws and practices to circumvent the amendment and maintain a system that kept African Americans in a subordinate and exploitative position. Here are some of the ways they did this:

1. Black Codes: Shortly after the Civil War, Southern states enacted "Black Codes," which were laws designed to restrict the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force. These codes imposed severe penalties for vagrancy, loitering, and breaking job contracts, which effectively forced many freed slaves back into conditions similar to servitude.

2. Convict Leasing: Southern states used the exception clause in the Thirteenth Amendment ("except as punishment for a crime") to their advantage by arresting and convicting African Americans for minor offenses or fabricated charges. Once imprisoned, these individuals could be leased out to private individuals and companies as a source of cheap labor. This system was known as convict leasing and was essentially a form of re-enslavement.

3. Sharecropping and Tenant Farming: Many African Americans became sharecroppers or tenant farmers, working land owned by whites in exchange for a share of the crop or for the opportunity to rent the land. This system often resulted in a cycle of debt and economic dependency, as the terms were frequently exploitative and designed to keep the laborers in perpetual indebtedness to the landowners.

4. Jim Crow Laws: By the late 19th century, Southern states began to enact Jim Crow laws, which enforced racial segregation and further disenfranchised African Americans. These laws created a social system in which African Americans were treated as second-class citizens, with limited access to quality education, healthcare, and other public services.

5. Voter Suppression: Southern states also passed laws and constitutional amendments to disenfranchise African American voters, such as poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses. These measures were designed to prevent African Americans from exercising their political rights and having a say in the government.

6. Violence and Intimidation: White supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan used violence and intimidation to prevent African Americans from asserting their rights or challenging the social order. Lynching, beatings, and other forms of terror were used to enforce racial hierarchies and suppress any efforts toward racial equality.

Through these and other means, Southern states were able to effectively circumvent the Thirteenth Amendment and maintain a system of racial control and labor exploitation for decades after the abolition of slavery. It wasn't until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s that concerted efforts were made to dismantle these oppressive systems and enforce the rights guaranteed by the Thirteenth Amendment and subsequent civil rights legislation.

Question 11

In regards to the Fourteenth Amendment, the U.S. Congress still left the question of suffrage for Black people to the individual states, but both northern and southern states were very reluctant to grant it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Racism is a form of bigotry more insidious than other forms such as xenophobia and ethnocentrism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which U.S. Supreme Court case began the release of all Japanese detainees and the beginning of the struggle for redress?

Accepted Answer

A)   Korematsu v. United States
B)   Ex Parte Endo
C)   Ozawa v. United States
D)   In re Ah YupE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

From the time they arrived in the United States, which group was subjected to special taxes; barred from holding land or citizenship; and beaten, lynched, and driven out of towns all across the West?

Accepted Answer

A)   Irish
B)   Mexicans
C)   Italians
D)   ChineseE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Which act essentially established the British government as the protector of Indian rights and the Indian tribes as its wards?

Accepted Answer

A)   Treaty of Fort Pitt
B)   Proclamation Act of 1763
C)   Discovery Doctrine
D)   Kansas-Nebraska ActE) All of the above
F) C) and D) B

Question 16

The Major Crimes Act of 1885 extended federal criminal jurisdiction over Indians, or any other person, in Indian country.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The Vietnam War signaled the beginning of the end of Jim Crow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in favor of Standing Bear on both counts, stating that "an Indian is a person within the meaning of the law of the United States"?

Accepted Answer

A)   Standing Bear v. Crook
B)   United States v. Standing Bear
C)   Ex Parte Standing Bear
D)   Cherokee Tobacco case [in re Standing Bear]E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 19

The primary cause of the Mexican-American War was the admittance of Texas to the United States in 1845

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which 1830 act called for the removal of all Indians in the southeastern states to "Indian territory"?

Accepted Answer

A)   Manifest Destiny
B)   Indian Removal Act
C)   Northwest Ordinance
D)   Indian Reorganization ActE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Exam 13: Racial Minorities and the Law

The most significant test of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 came in which year, when the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was called in to investigate the lynching of Michael Donald?

Correct Answer
verified

Which case was the first of the Marshall Trilogy and was a land ownership dispute between whites, although the U.S. Supreme Court used it to define the relationship of the federal government to the Indian nations?

Correct Answer
verified
D

The first enslaved Africans were brought by Dutch traders to Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619.

Correct Answer
verified

Discuss how the path taken by Hispanics has differed from other minority groups discussed in the chapter.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The path taken by Hispanics has differed...
View Answer

Discuss the impact that Executive Order 9066 had on Japanese Americans in the United States.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Executive Order 9066, signed by Presiden...
View Answer

Blacks fared better in the immediate aftermath of the ____________, during the period known as Reconstruction.

Correct Answer
verified

What was the Indian Removal Act and how did the Cherokee Nation respond? What was the outcome?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Indian Removal Act was a law passed ...
View Answer

Executive Order 9056, issued by President Franklin Roosevelt, authorized the evacuation and relocation of people of Japanese ancestry.

Correct Answer
verified

In Korematsu v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that although interment was constitutionally suspect, it was justified during circumstances of wartime "emergency and peril" and that the government's need to protect against espionage outweighed individual rights.

Correct Answer
verified

How did Southern states circumvent the Thirteenth Amendment?

In regards to the Fourteenth Amendment, the U.S. Congress still left the question of suffrage for Black people to the individual states, but both northern and southern states were very reluctant to grant it.

Correct Answer
verified

Racism is a form of bigotry more insidious than other forms such as xenophobia and ethnocentrism.

Correct Answer
verified

Which U.S. Supreme Court case began the release of all Japanese detainees and the beginning of the struggle for redress?

Correct Answer
verified

From the time they arrived in the United States, which group was subjected to special taxes; barred from holding land or citizenship; and beaten, lynched, and driven out of towns all across the West?

Correct Answer
verified

Which act essentially established the British government as the protector of Indian rights and the Indian tribes as its wards?

Correct Answer
verified
B

The Major Crimes Act of 1885 extended federal criminal jurisdiction over Indians, or any other person, in Indian country.

Correct Answer
verified

The Vietnam War signaled the beginning of the end of Jim Crow.

Correct Answer
verified

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in favor of Standing Bear on both counts, stating that "an Indian is a person within the meaning of the law of the United States"?

Correct Answer
verified

The primary cause of the Mexican-American War was the admittance of Texas to the United States in 1845

Correct Answer
verified

Which 1830 act called for the removal of all Indians in the southeastern states to "Indian territory"?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 13: Racial Minorities and the Law

The most significant test of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 came in which year, when the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was called in to investigate the lynching of Michael Donald?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which case was the first of the Marshall Trilogy and was a land ownership dispute between whites, although the U.S. Supreme Court used it to define the relationship of the federal government to the Indian nations?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The first enslaved Africans were brought by Dutch traders to Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss how the path taken by Hispanics has differed from other minority groups discussed in the chapter.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe path taken by Hispanics has differed...View AnswerShow Answer

Discuss the impact that Executive Order 9066 had on Japanese Americans in the United States.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIExecutive Order 9066, signed by Presiden...View AnswerShow Answer

Blacks fared better in the immediate aftermath of the ____________, during the period known as Reconstruction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the Indian Removal Act and how did the Cherokee Nation respond? What was the outcome?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe Indian Removal Act was a law passed ...View AnswerShow Answer

Executive Order 9056, issued by President Franklin Roosevelt, authorized the evacuation and relocation of people of Japanese ancestry.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Korematsu v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that although interment was constitutionally suspect, it was justified during circumstances of wartime "emergency and peril" and that the government's need to protect against espionage outweighed individual rights.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Southern states circumvent the Thirteenth Amendment?

In regards to the Fourteenth Amendment, the U.S. Congress still left the question of suffrage for Black people to the individual states, but both northern and southern states were very reluctant to grant it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Racism is a form of bigotry more insidious than other forms such as xenophobia and ethnocentrism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which U.S. Supreme Court case began the release of all Japanese detainees and the beginning of the struggle for redress?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From the time they arrived in the United States, which group was subjected to special taxes; barred from holding land or citizenship; and beaten, lynched, and driven out of towns all across the West?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which act essentially established the British government as the protector of Indian rights and the Indian tribes as its wards?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The Major Crimes Act of 1885 extended federal criminal jurisdiction over Indians, or any other person, in Indian country.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Vietnam War signaled the beginning of the end of Jim Crow.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in favor of Standing Bear on both counts, stating that "an Indian is a person within the meaning of the law of the United States"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary cause of the Mexican-American War was the admittance of Texas to the United States in 1845

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which 1830 act called for the removal of all Indians in the southeastern states to "Indian territory"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The path taken by Hispanics has differed...
View Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Executive Order 9066, signed by Presiden...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Indian Removal Act was a law passed ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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