Question 1

Which reflex would be most likely to inhibit the performance of a forward roll?

Accepted Answer

A)   tonic neck reflex
B)   body righting reflex
C)   Golgi tendon organ response
D)   extensor thrust reflexE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 2

What is the purpose of the gamma efferent system?

Accepted Answer

A)   adjusts the length of extrafusal muscle fibers thereby relieving tension on muscle spindle
B)   makes muscle spindle more sensitive to external stretch therefore facilitating more effective muscle contraction
C)   relays impulses from other proprioceptors to muscle spindle
D)   transmits impulses from muscles to central nervous system and back to the musclesE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Where is the cell body of a motor neuron located?

Accepted Answer

A)   motor unit
B)   ventral horn of spinal cord
C)   dorsal root ganglion
D)   pre-ganglionE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following illustrates the use of the tonic stretch reflex to facilitate a motor act?

Accepted Answer

A)   continuous movement of arm back and then forward in bowling
B)   long, fast backswing in a golf drive
C)   rapid backswing preceding a hard overhand throw
D)   short, relatively slow backswing in a golf puttE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Which is an example of a typical crossed-extensor response?

Accepted Answer

A)   unweighting of one foot in response to pressure on the other
B)   contraction of the extensor muscles in response to deep pressure on the foot
C)   contraction of the extensor muscles of one leg in response to unweighting of the opposite foot
D)   reflex extension of the arm when the leg extendsE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following proprioceptors is sensitive to the stimulus that results in an extensor thrust reflex response?

Accepted Answer

A)   Golgi tendon organ
B)   muscle spindle
C)   Pacinian corpuscle
D)   Ruffini endingE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Which of the following is the function of the muscle spindle?

Accepted Answer

A)   receiving impulses from joint actions
B)   receiving stimuli from increased muscle tension
C)   transmitting impulses to motor unit
D)   transmitting sensations to the cerebral cortexE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Which is an example of the phasic stretch reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)   the use of a wind-up in throwing
B)   the head position in a volleyball spike
C)   lower extremity extension in walking
D)   the ready position in tennisE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

What type of neurons conduct impulses from the stimulus toward the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A)   afferent
B)   efferent
C)   ganglia
D)   spinal nervesE) B) and C)
F) B) and D) A

Question 10

Provide a neuromuscular explanation for why is it easier to do a handstand if the head and neck are hyperextended than if they are not.

Accepted Answer

symmetrical tonic ne...

Question 11

When landing from a jump, which of the following proprioceptors facilitate the return to the standing position?
1)  Pacinian corpuscles
2)  joint receptors in feet
3)  labyrinthine system
4)  muscle spindles

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 2, 3
B)   1, 2, 4
C)   1, 3, 4
D)   2, 3, 4E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

In which of the following does the stretch reflex facilitate the movement defined?

Accepted Answer

A)   horizontal abduction of the shoulder facilitates the forward swing of the throwing arm
B)   extension of the elbow joint facilitates the pushup
C)   flexion of the knee facilitates the down phase of a squat lift
D)   rotation of the spine facilitates the backswing in golfE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 13

Why might an elderly person press their hands against their thighs when attempting to rise from a seated position?

Accepted Answer

trigger st...

Question 14

What reflexes might interfere with teaching a beginner to do a standing front dive?
 Explain both the reflexes and the effect.

Accepted Answer

righting reflex, ton...

Question 15

Which category best represents the receptors that receive and transmit impulses from muscles, joints, and tendons?

Accepted Answer

A)   exteroceptors
B)   interoceptors
C)   visceroceptors
D)   proprioceptorsE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of reciprocal inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A)   agonist contracts, neutralizers contract
B)   agonist contracts, antagonist contracts
C)   agonist contracts without opposition from antagonist
D)   agonist contracts, synergist contractsE) B) and C)
F) A) and C) C

Question 17

What is a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

A)   myoneural junction
B)   a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
C)   a structured neuromotor sensory feedback unit
D)   functional afferent nerve trunk and all of its receptorsE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Which head position would facilitate elbow flexion?

Accepted Answer

A)   flexion and rotation to same side
B)   flexion and rotation to opposite side
C)   hyperextension and rotation to same side
D)   hyperextension and rotation to opposite sideE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

What is the phasic stretch reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)   quick, phasic response of muscle due to decrease in muscle tonus
B)   reflex contraction of muscle due to the response of muscle spindles to an increase in muscle tension
C)   reflex relaxation of muscle due to the inhibitory response to stimuli from proprioceptors
D)   sustained static contraction of muscle due to effect of gravity on bodyE) A) and D)
F) All of the above B

Question 20

A subject's feet are kept in a bucket of ice water for an extended period of time. The feet are removed from the bucket and the subject jumps off a chair with eyes closed. The subject falls upon landing. Why?

Accepted Answer

pacinian corpuscles ...

Exam 4: The Neuromuscular Basis of Human Motion

Which reflex would be most likely to inhibit the performance of a forward roll?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the purpose of the gamma efferent system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where is the cell body of a motor neuron located?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following illustrates the use of the tonic stretch reflex to facilitate a motor act?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is an example of a typical crossed-extensor response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following proprioceptors is sensitive to the stimulus that results in an extensor thrust reflex response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the function of the muscle spindle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is an example of the phasic stretch reflex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of neurons conduct impulses from the stimulus toward the spinal cord?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Provide a neuromuscular explanation for why is it easier to do a handstand if the head and neck are hyperextended than if they are not.

Correct Answerverifiedsymmetrical tonic ne...View AnswerShow Answer

When landing from a jump, which of the following proprioceptors facilitate the return to the standing position? 1) Pacinian corpuscles 2) joint receptors in feet 3) labyrinthine system 4) muscle spindles

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following does the stretch reflex facilitate the movement defined?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why might an elderly person press their hands against their thighs when attempting to rise from a seated position?

Correct Answerverifiedtrigger st...View AnswerShow Answer

What reflexes might interfere with teaching a beginner to do a standing front dive? Explain both the reflexes and the effect.

Correct Answerverifiedrighting reflex, ton...View AnswerShow Answer

Which category best represents the receptors that receive and transmit impulses from muscles, joints, and tendons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of reciprocal inhibition?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

What is a motor unit?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which head position would facilitate elbow flexion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the phasic stretch reflex?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A subject's feet are kept in a bucket of ice water for an extended period of time. The feet are removed from the bucket and the subject jumps off a chair with eyes closed. The subject falls upon landing. Why?

Correct Answerverifiedpacinian corpuscles ...View AnswerShow Answer

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A

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symmetrical tonic ne...
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trigger st...
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righting reflex, ton...
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C

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B

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pacinian corpuscles ...
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