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The Knights Hospitaller was initially founded for the purpose of:


A) protecting the borders of the kingdom of Jerusalem.
B) creating a banking system for European travelers.
C) caring for pilgrims in a hospital in Jerusalem.
D) praying for the continued existence of the kingdom of Jerusalem.
E) protecting the king of Jerusalem.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Compare and contrast the Franciscan and Dominican orders.

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Both groups,like all religious,were unde...

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Chivalry:


A) was the term used to describe the relationship between women and men during the medieval period.
B) was limited to the specific orders established in England and France to reward service to the king.
C) was a means of legitimizing social positions acquired through either bravery or skill.
D) simply was a title given to the chief aide to a king during a time of war.
E) comes from a Latin word meaning an archer held in reserve during battle.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Innocent III's bold agenda was ratified at what assembly?


A) Fourth Lateran Council.
B) Council of Constance
C) Council of Nicaea
D) Council of Canterbury
E) Jerusalem Council

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Pope Innocent III believed that Christians,Muslims,and Jews were all equal people of the book.

A) True
B) False

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Hildegard of Bingen wrote on a variety of subjects outside her spiritual concerns as a nun,including pharmacology and gynecology.

A) True
B) False

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In what ways did the Crusader mindset influence relations between Christians and Jews?

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Although the objective of the Crusades w...

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The chivalric code suggested that noblewomen ought to be treated as objects of veneration.

A) True
B) False

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In what ways did education change from the Carolingian period to the twelfth century?

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Charlemagne had ordered that primary sch...

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The person most responsible for increasing interest in devotion to the Eucharist and the Virgin Mary in the twelfth century was:


A) Peter Abelard.
B) Anselm of Bec.
C) Bernard of Clairvaux.
D) Peter the Venerable.
E) Roland of Cremona.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Was the conflict between Becket and Henry II personal or political? Explain.

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Although the conflict was undoubtedly pe...

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Pope Urban II encouraged knights to take up arms against the enemies of Christ,which led to the Crusades.

A) True
B) False

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Venice benefited from the Crusades by:


A) providing military generals who led soldiers on Crusade.
B) providing bibles to every pilgrim who traveled to the kingdom of Jerusalem.
C) creating a network of early banks that lent money at low interest rates.
D) providing ships and supplies to Crusaders.
E) continually attacking Egypt.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The increasing persecution of European Jews in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries should be interpreted in the context of:


A) recent Jewish settlements in central Europe,such as those in Italy and Poland.
B) a widespread interest in Hebrew language,culture,and religious texts.
C) contemporary crimes by Jews,such as poisoning wells and the ritual murder of children.
D) general Christian concerns about heresy and the growing suspicion of Jews at all levels of society.
E) the control of the Christian holy sites in Jerusalem by Jews under the protection of the Ottomans.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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In the second half of the twelfth century,educated Westerners vastly increased their knowledge when:


A) medieval scientists began conducting scientific experiments and circulating the results.
B) important works of Greek and Arabic literature were translated into Latin.
C) the Englishman Robert Grosseteste invented the telescope.
D) the works of Plato were discovered in Europe and made widely available.
E) Latin versions of the scientific works of Aristotle were discovered and widely distributed.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The concept of courtliness refers to:


A) the legal system of the Middle Ages.
B) rules for combat.
C) refined behavior.
D) adherence to the teachings of the church.
E) rules Crusaders were expected to follow.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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The tradition of French administration that balanced local diversity of custom with bureaucratic centralization in Paris began with:


A) Charlemagne.
B) Philip II,"Augustus."
C) Louis VIII,"the Lion."
D) Louis IX,"St.Louis."
E) Philip IV,"the Fair."

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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Thomas Becket was killed as a result of a disagreement with the pope.

A) True
B) False

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In the Middle Ages,students who were admitted to a university were expected to have a thorough knowledge of:


A) Latin.
B) Greek.
C) Hebrew.
D) Persian poetry.
E) Physics.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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The new teaching methods known as scholasticism rested heavily on:


A) memorizing texts.
B) reciting the works of Classical Greece.
C) questioning and debate.
D) solitary study.
E) meditation combined with hours of reading each day.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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